preposition:indicating the agent performing an action in a passive construction
The painting was created by a famous artist.
preposition:using, via, or through a means or method
Please confirm by email.
She traveled to Paris by train.
preposition:next to; at the side of
She kept a glass of water by her bed.
preposition:indicating a deadline or latest time something should happen
Please submit the report by Monday.
preposition:indicating a change in amount, degree, or distance
The temperature rose by five degrees overnight.
preposition:indicating rate, unit, or share
Parking is charged by the hour.
preposition:indicating the way in which something is done or the manner of an action
He solved the problem by thinking outside the box.
preposition:according to or on the basis of a rule, standard, or category
The results are grouped by region.
preposition:alone or without assistance, in the phrase by oneself
He fixed the bike by himself.
